Objective: To investigate the serum lipid profile of patients with end stage renal disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods: Cross-sectional and prospective study on serum lipids of CAPD patients (n=105) from Changhai Hospital (n=63), the others from 12 dialysis centers in Shanghai was carried. The underlying kidney diseases were primary glomerulonephritis or primary tubulointerstitial diseases. Patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy, primary hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, or severe liver diseases were not included. Results: Compared with normal controls, serum TG and apoB increased while HDL, HDL3, apoA1/apoB and LCAT activity decreased significantly in CAPD patients. Serum TC, LDL-ch and Lp(a) in CAPD patients also increased. Serum Lp(a), LDL-ch, apoB and apoE increased significantly after the treatment of CAPD. Hypoalbuminemia became more and more severe after CAPD. Serum albumin was negatively correlated with serum Lp (a) and LDL-ch. No linear relationship existed between serum albumin and other lipid parameters. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia is quite common in maintenance CAPD patients,patients on CAPD are prone to abnormal lipid metabolism.