Objective：To observe whether bone marrow cells （BMCs） can differentiate into the renal tubular epithelial cells under physiological condition. Methyls： Transgenic C57BL/6 mice labeled with green flouresent protein （GFP） served as bone marrow donors and C57BL/6 mice without fluorescence labeling were divided into 3 groups： normal group （N, n = 15）, total body irradiation group （TBI, n= 15）, and bone marrow transplantation （BMT, n= 15） group. The mice in Group N received no treatment, those in Group TBI were irradiated with lethal dose of γ rays but received no transplant （sacrificed within 1 week after irradiation）, and those in Group BMT were transplanted with BMCs after the irradiation （sacrificed at 58 and 84 days after transplantation）. Blood samples were obtained from all 3 groups for routine analysis and analysis of urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine. Meanwhile, mice kidneys were harvested for H-E staining. The amount of GFP positive BMCs in mice of BMT group was determined by flow cytometry; the distribution and amount of GFP positive cells in renal tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry. Results： There was no difference in the levels of urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine between the 3 groups. Lethal-dose total body irradiation resulted in no significant change in renal histological structure and function, but RBC, WBC and PLT of the mice in TBI group were markedly reduced compared with those in the other 2 groups （P〈0.05）. Green fluorescence was seen in renal tubular epithelium of mice on 56 and 84 days after transplantation by fluorescent microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. Flow cytometry result showed that GFP positive BMCs were （78. 75 ± 5. 99）% and （79. 58±4.60）% in recipient mice on 56 and 84 days after transplantation, respectively; and immunohistochemistry staining showed that GFP positive cells in renal tubular epithelial of the recipient mice were （4.17±1.66）% and （3. 88±1.35）%, respectively （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Bone marrow cells may participate in renewal of tubular epithelial cells even without the renal tubular damage.