Objective： To assess the effect of auto bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMNCs） transplantation on reendothelialization and neointima formation in vein grafts. Methods： BMMNCs were extracted from the bone marrows of adult rabbit under sterile environment and were labelled with DAPI before transplanted into vein grafts. Twenty adult rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups： BMMNCs transplantation group（group Ⅰ ,n= 10） and PBS transplantation group （group Ⅱ , n= 10）. The left external jugular vein of 20 rabbits were harvested and transplanted between ipsolateral common carotid artery （AVG）. Three days later, animals in group Ⅰ were transplanted with BMMNCs（6×10^8 cells）/100μl via periotic veins and those in group Ⅱ were injected with 100 μl PBS. Animals were killed 4 weeks later and graft veins were harvested to observe the reendothelialization and the thickness of vein grafts. Results： We found that the transplanted cells survived and were incorporated into the endothelium of vein grafts in group Ⅰ. The endothelium integrity of the vein grafts in group Ⅰ was significantly better than that of group Ⅱ. The intima thickness of vein grafts in group Ⅰ was significantly thicker than that of groupU. Condusion.. BMMCs transplantation therapy may improve reendothelialization of the vein graft and inhibits intimal hyperplasi the vein graft