Objective：To explore the relationship of the local recurrence with the expression of protein P53 and PCNA in the primary lesions and the surgical margins of laryngeal carcinoma.Methods:The primary lesions and the surgical margins of laryngeal carcinoma of 36 patients were made into serial sections.Immunochemical method (H-E staining) was used to detect the expression of P53 and PCNA protein.Results:The positive rates of protein P53 and PCNA were 55.6% (20/36) and 88.9% (32/36) in the primary lesions,and 25%（9/36） and 30.6%（11/36） in the surgical margins,respectively.The recurrent rates of the primary lesions positive for P53 and PCNA were 35%(7/20) and 25%(8/32),respectively,which were higher than those negative for them (12.5%\[2/16\] and 25%\[1/4\]).The recurrent rates of surgical margins positive for p53 and PCNA were 44.4% (4/9) and 72.7% (8/11),respectively,which were higher than those negative for them (18.5%\[5/27\] and 4%\[1/25\]).The expression of P53 and PCNA proteins in the primary lesions and surgical margins was abnormal; the recurrent rate of the laryngeal carcinoma was 100% (4/4) after surgery.Conclusion:P53 and PCNA protein can be used as biomarkers for local recurrence of laryngeal carcinoma after operation.Detection of P53 and PCNA in both the primary lesions and the surgical margins may be of greater significance in forecasting local recurrence.