Objective： To investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of adiponectin （APM1） gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods： Three common binding sites （-11377C〉G, ＋45T〉G, and ＋276G〉 T） of SNP on the APM1 gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCRRFLP） assay in 75 pedigrees （337 individuals） of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genehunt software was used to analyze the transmission-disequilibrium （TDT） and to calculate SNP combining haplotypes. Meanwhile, the physiological and biochemical parameters were also determined in the pedigrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results： We found no preferential transmission in the tested binding sites or any haplotypes of SNP in the APM1 gene in the filial generation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes mellitus group, GG genotype had higher body mass index （BMI）（P=0. 032） and waist circumference （WC）（P= 0. 030） compared to CC genotype in the patients with SNP-11377 binding site; patients with G allele had lower levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）（P= 0. 006）and higher levels of fasting plasma insulin （FINS） （P= 0. 011） as compared to CC genotype. However, FINS levels （P=0. 021） in subjects with CC genotype were significantly lower than those with G allele in healthy control group. For patients with SNP＋45 binding site, those with GG genotypes had higher BMI （P=0. 036） and lower levels of FINS （P=0. 014） than those with TT genotypes in both groups. For patients with SNP＋276 binding site, those with GG genotypes had higher BMI（P=0. 043） than those with T allele in the control group. Conclusion： The SNP of the APM1 gene is not associated with the pedigrees of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but APM1 gene has influence on the function of insulin B cells and the development of obesity.