Epidemic diseases often occur following natural disasters, such as earthquakes. The most commonly seen epidemics after an earthquake include: enteric diseases (dysentery, typoid and paratypoid fever, cholera, hand-foot-mouth disease, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, etc), arthropod-borne infectious diseases (malaria, Kala-Azar, Japanese encephalitis, etc), zoonosis (plague, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, anthrax, etc), soil and epidemic water transmitted diseases (tetanus, gas gangrene, leptospirosis, etc), respiratory diseases (measles, rubella, influenza, etc), food-borne diseases (food poisoning caused by bacteria or bacterial toxin). This article reviews the controlling principles and measures for major infectious pathogens and epidemic diseases after earthquake.