Objective To explore the relationship of human telomerase mRNA component gene (hTERC) expression with the degree of cervical lesions and the infection of different genotypes of human papilloma virus(HPV). Methods The thinprep cytologic test (TCT) specimens from 34 pathologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN, including 8 CINⅠ，9 CINⅡ，17 CIN Ⅲ), 36 invasive squamous cervical carcinoma (ISCC), and 20 chronic cervicitis patients were included in the present study. HPV subtype infection was detected by channelization hybridization gene chip and hTERC expression was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).The relationship between hTERC expression, the degree of cervical lesions and the infection with HPV was analyzed. Results The positive rates of hTERC in chronic cervicitis, CINⅠ, CINⅡ, CINⅢ, and ISCC specimens were 0.00%(0/20), 50.00%(4/8), 77.78%(7/9), 82.35%(14/17), and 97.22%(35/36), respectively. The positive rates of hTERC increased with the increase of cervical lesion degree, and there were significant differences between the three subgroups(P<0.05). The HPV infection rates were 10.00%(2/20),37.50%(3/8),66.67%(6/9),88.24%(15/17),and 9167%(33/36), respectively. The positive rates of hTERC in HPV16 type-positive, other high-risk type positive and negative/low-risk type positive groups were 90.38%(47/52), 66.67%(4/6), and 28.13%(9/32), respectively, with significant difference found between each two groups (P<0.01).Conclusion The progress of cervical lesions and HPV infection are closely related to the positive rates of hTERC. HPV16 infection is the main cause for the high-level cervical lesions, and HPV58, 33, 52 have some advantages in CIN or ISCC.