Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of patients with diabetes mellitus.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is known to play important roles in glucose control, neural protection, improving microcirculation, anti-oxidation and lipid metabolism; it is thought to be closely related to the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and it has become a focus of study in the area. This paper introduces the recent researches concerning the association of GLP-1 with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the related mechanism.