Bladder cancer is one of the most commonlyseen cancers of the urogenital system. Currently cystoscopy is still the most reliable method for diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. The related technologies have progressed greatly over the past several years. Based on the conventional cystoscopy, several strategies have been developed for diagnosis of bladder cancer, including fluorescence cystoscopy, narrowband imaging cystoscopy, optical coherence tomography cystoscopy, virtual cystoscopy, confocal microscopy, and so on. All these strategies have improved the diagnosis accuracy and can help the early diagnosis of bladder cancer, and thus improve the prognosis.