ObjectiveTo measure the changes of total factor productivity of high level(Level 3) comprehensive military hospitals, so as to provide evidence for improving the productivity of these hospitals. MethodsThe 2007 and 2010 panel data of 36 high level military hospitals, including 3 input parameters and 5 output parameters, were collected in the present study.The Malmquist productivity index (MPI)of data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used for analysis. ResultsThe productivity of 28 (77.8%) hospitals was increased during 2007-2010.Further analysis showed that the increased productivity was mainly attributable to technology progress in 11(30.6%)hospitals, to improved efficiency in 2 (5.56%)hospitals, and to both technology progress and improved efficiency in 15(41.7%) hospitals.The 8 hospitals with decreased productivity were all due to technology backwardness. ConclusionThe total factor productivity of high level comprehensive military hospitals has witnessed a noticeable increase, and the increase is mainly attributable to technology progress and improved efficiency.The decrease of productivity is mainly due to technology backwardness.