Objective To explore the clinical efficacies of transpedicular lumbar wedge resection osteotomy for correction of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Methods From January 2005 to March 2010,32 patients with ankylosing spondylitis kyphotic deformity received one stage posterior transpedicular wedge osteotomy and internal fixation, with 27 receiving single-level ones and 5 receiving two-level ones. All patients underwent X-ray examination of the total spine to obtain radiographic parameters and were asked to accomplish simplified Chinese scoliosis research society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire to assess quality of health before and after operation. Results The mean operation time was (260±42) min and the mean blood loss was (1 360±282) mL in the patients. The patients were followed up for a mean of (31±8) months (range: 24-76 months) and there were no neurological complications and pseudarthrosis. The chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA), global thoraco-lumber kyphosis angle (TLKA), thoracolumbar kyphosis angle (TKA) and lumber lordosis angle (LLA) were (65.9±11.6)°, (78.2±15.9)°, (38.9±10.3)°, and (-14.6±17.3)° before operation and (11.7±4.7)°,(38.9±10.3)°,(1.3±7.8)°, and (26.2±5.6)° after operation, respectively; and significant differences were found for each parameter (P<0.01).The body height and the sagittal imbalance distance were improved from (135.4±15.2) cm and (37.2±11.3) cm before operation to (166.2±9.6) cm and (12.7±7.7) cm after operation, respectively. The average SRS-22 score increased from (1.8±0.4) before operation to (4.0±0.6) after operation, showing a satisfactory outcome. Conclusion Transpedicular lumbar wedge resection osteotomy is a safe and effective method for treatment of the ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis．