The mechanism of neuropathic pain is extremely complex. Despite of great research efforts on the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and development of new drugs in recent years, the mechanism of neuropathic pain remains unclear. CCL5 belongs to the C-C chemokine subfamily, and its abnormal regulation of inflammatory responses under pathological condition may induce or exacerbate a variety of diseases. Recently, many researches have suggested that CCL5 has the potential of mediating neuropathic pain, but with unknown mechanism. This paper reviewed the role of CCL5 in the development and regulation of neuropathic pain and discussed the possibility of CCL5 as an cause of neuropathic pain.