Objective To investigate the resting-state abnormalities of heroin addiction by analyzing resting-state functional connectivity of the caudate nucleus. Methods Fifteen male chronic heroin users and 15 age-, gender- and nicotine dependence-matched healthy subjects participated in the present resting-state functional connectivity analysis. All the participants undertook a resting-state fMRI scan with GE 3.0 T scanner and the obtained data were analyzed by Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software. Functional connectivity was analyzed based on resting-state fMRI data to identify the correlation between the caudate and the other regions on the whole brain scale by SPM. Finally, t-test was applied to determine the functional connectivity of the caudate between the two groups. The relationship between the connectivity of specific regions and heroin-dependence period was investigated. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the caudate of heroin-dependent group had significantly enhanced functional connectivities with the lentiform nucleus, amygdala, hippocampus (t=2.8, P<0.005；voxel>5) and significantly decreased functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (t=2.8, P<0.005). Besides, the functional connectivity between the caudate and left amygdala (r=0.68, P<0.05) and right hippocampus (r=0.59, P<0.05) was positively correlated with the duration of heroin use. Conclusion The resting functional connectivities of the brain regions for rewarding, memory and motivation/drive are increased after heroin dependence, and those of the cognitive control region are decreased, which might be related to heroin dependence.