【Objective】To explore the YiShenBaoZhen Decoction’s (YSBZD) intervention effect to the renal anemia of chronic renal failure in rats and the mechanism of the effect of the treatment.【Methods】We produce rat model of chronic renal failure with the method of the two-step of 5/6 nephrectomy. According to completely random design principle，rats are divided into 5 groups，respectively for the normal group, the model group, the YSBZ high-dose group, YSBZ low-dose group and Niaoduqing group .Give medicine 6 weeks, to measured Scr, BUN , detected hemoglobin, the red blood cell count, the average volume of red blood cells, serum EPO.【Results】Compared with the model group, YSBZ high doses group,low doses group all can make Hgb，RBC and EPO increase,with significant difference compared with Niaoduqing group（P＜0.05）; make Scr, BUN decrease ，and compared with Niaoduqing group have no statistical significance.【Conclusion】The YSBZD can interfere with the process of the renal anemia, the mechanism of which may be: reducing nitrogen retention, and reducing the toxin on the inhibition of hematopoietic system; increasing factor about stimulating synthesis of red blood cells.