Objective To evaluate the relationship between ABO blood group system and the risk of gastric cancer by performing a case-control study and meta-analysis. Methods In our case-control study, 930 cases of gastric cancer and 8426 cases with other diseases were enrolled as control, Which were collected from changhai hospital. And the Pubmed were searched, the initial time is unlimited, the deadline is December 31, 2013. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the included case-control studies by NOS scale and extracted the data independently. The meta-analysis was performed by Meta-Analyst 3.13 software. Results The case-control study showed that blood type A might be a risk factor of gastric cancer（OR=1.58；95%CI：1.37~1.81）. The results of meta-analysis showed that the risk of gastric cancer in blood group A was significantly higher than that in non-A groups (OR=1.28；95%CI：1.01~1.62) and individuals with blood group O demonstrated a low risk of gastric cancer(OR=0.84；95%CI：0.73~0.96), But subgroup analysis found that there were differences at home and abroad. Conclusion ABO blood group system is associated with the risk of gastric cancer; Type A is one of the risk factors of gastric cancer, and there are differences at home and abroad.