The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response is induced by misfolded proteins via the unfolded-protein response (UPR),allowing cells to deal with endogenous stress through arresting of protein translation,promoting peptide folding,degeneration of unfolded or misshapen proteins,and cell apoptosis.Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK),inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease 1 (IRE1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three proximal effectors of the UPR in mammalian cells.Airway epithelial cells consist of many cell types with prosperous cell growth and numerous secretion,making those cells more liable to have ERS.Recent studies have revealed the role of ERS in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma,which involves imbalance of calcium homeostasis,abnormal secretion of hyaluronic acid and mucin,and the abnormal recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells.This article summarizes the correlation of ERS with asthma.