Objective To explore the teaching method for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy, so as to shorten the learning curve and reduce the complications during the study period. Methods Six residents of urology, who had 2-3 years experience of urology and had no experience in transrectal ultrasound biopsy, were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control group (n=3). All the members were trained to perform transrectal ultrasound-guided 12 needle biopsy of the prostate. The experimental group received the modularized step-by-step training mode; and the control group received the traditional method, which included operation teaching and independent operation of the whole process. Fourteen days later,all the members were tested for manipulation and surveyed by questionnaires on the training. Results All the 3 residents in the experimental group were capable to perform the operation successfully after 14 days, while only 1 resident in the control group can do it smoothly. The questionnaire survey showed that, all the 3 residents in the experimental group thought that the training procedure was easy and interesting, and they were not nervous during the operation. In the control group, only 1 resident felt it was easy, and the other 2 felt it was difficult and boring, and they were liable to be nervous and forgetful in clinical practice. Conclusion The modularized step-by-step training mode can greatly improve the learning efficiency of training for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy, making the learning process simple and interesting.