Objective To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of hyperuricemia among the adult population in Anhui province. Methods The data of Chronic Kidney Disease Survey for Adults in Anhui Province in 2010 were used in this study for analyzing the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia. Results The survey data were from 3 800 individuals, including 3 374 with complete data. And 260 were diagnosed as hyperuricemia (male 133; female 127), with the crude prevalence of hyperuricemia in Anhui province being 7.70%. After adjusting the age and gender of residents, the prevalences of hyperuricemia were 7.04% and 7.88%, respectively, in Auhui province. Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, education background, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease might be independent risk factors for hyperuricemia. Conclusion The risk factors of hyperuricemia in the present study are consistent with previous domestic and international findings. Active control of body weight, blood lipid, and alcohol intake can help to prevent hyperuricemia.