Objective To explore the clinical significance of urine microalbuminuria (U-ALB) and blood fibrinogen (Fb) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in retinopathy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods From Jan. 2010 to Sep. 2014, a total of 101 T2DM patients who were treated in our hospital were enrolled in this study. According to whether combined with retinopathy the patients were divided into 2 groups: non-complication group (49 cases) and diabetic combined with retinopathy group (DR-complication group 52 cases, 38 patients with non-proliferative DR and 12 cases with proliferative DR). In addition, 50 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. All the participants were examined for BMI, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure. The urinary U-ALB level and blood Fb/Hb were also determined. Results The urine U-ALB level of T2DM patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects, and that in DR-complication group was significantly higher than that in the non-complication group (all P<0.01). Plasma Fb level in T2DM patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects, and that in the DR-complication group was significantly higher than that in the non-complication group (all P<0.01). Hb level in healthy subjects was significantly higher than that in patients with type 2 diabetes, and that in the DR-complication group was significantly lower than that in the non-complication group (all P<0.01). Compared with the non-proliferative DR patients, the changes of urine U-ALB and blood Fb/Hb in the proliferative DR patients were significantly greater(P<0.01). Conclusion Urine U-ALB level and blood Fb and Hb levels are changed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the changes are even greater in those complicated with diabetic retinopathy.