Objective To analyze and summarize the characteristics of multiple organ dysfunctions and the associated supportive therapies in patients with severe Ebola virus disease (EVD) through a systematic literature review. Methods Medline and EMbase were searched since 2014 for eligible studies on severe EVD patients in ICU. The data of clinical presentations, treatment procedures as well as prognosis of these patients were summarized and analyzed. Results Ten patients from 7 reports were finally enrolled in the present study. Internal environment disturbance, liver injury and thrombocytopenia occurred in almost all of the patients. Respiratory failure was found in 4 patients and 3 of them were also complicated with renal failure. All of the patients received aggressive supportive therapies, such as maintaining the stability of internal environment, transfusion of blood products, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, antiviral therapy, etc. Of the 10 patients, 9 recovered and 1 died. Conclusion Severe EVD patients are always complicated with multiple organ dysfunctions and effective supportive therapies can improve the organ dysfunctions and prognosis of these patients.