Objective To evaluate the relationship between ABO blood group system and the infection risk of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using meta-analysis. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to collect case-control studies on ABO blood types and H. pylori infection. According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, essential data were extracted from the included studies by two researchers, and Review Manager 5.0 and Stata 11.0 softwares were employed for meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. Odds ratio (OR) was employed to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and ABO blood group. Assessment of publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test or a funnel plot. Results A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sensitivity analyses indicated that Lin et al's study significantly influenced the overall results, and Lin et al's study was screened out and the the pooled OR ratios were calculated again. The result of meta-analysis showed no association between ABO blood group and the infection risk of H. pylori (blood group A:OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.84-1.15, P=0.82; blood group B:OR=0.93, 95%CI 0.84-1.03, P=0.15; blood group O:OR=1.10, 95%CI 0.93-1.29, P=0.26; blood group AB:OR=0.84, 95%CI 0.67-1.06, P=0.14). Egger's test showed that the publication bias exerted little influence on the overall results and funnel plot showed that publication bias existed. Subgroup analysis also found no significant relationship between ABO blood group and H. pylori infection risk either. Conclusion The findings in this analysis indicate that ABO blood groups are not associated with the infection risk of H. pylori.