Objective To explore the factors influencing the rescuing efficiency of the Navy by dynamics modeling and simulation analysis of long-distance medical evacuation system on the high seas. Methods We established a long-distance medical evacuation system dynamics model on the high seas using system dynamics modeling, including the main circuit analysis and causal analysis. Carrying capacity of the Overseas Friendship Hospital was set at 100 persons per day; the single peak type inflow system of the wounded was selected, with the system peaks being 500, 200, and 100 persons per day, and then the system was simulated. Results The simulating results showed that when the number of the wounded was beyond the carrying capacity of the Overseas Friendship Hospital, more wounded were unable to get medical treatment or the treatment tended to be delayed; when the number was in the range of carrying capacity, the wounded could obtain a comfortable treatment and leave the system quickly. Conclusion The carrying capacity of Overseas Friendship Hospital is a key factor of determining the number of the wounded in this system.