Objective To investigate the characteristics of craniocerebral injuries in the Beagle dogs caused by explosion shock wave and quasi-static pressure by simulating the condition of multiple cabins explosion in warship. Methods A total of 24 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 12 in each group, and the Beagle dogs of 2 groups were tested in the multiple cabins with the same size of the real warship. A 0.65 kg TNT equivalent bare explosion was blasted in the cabins, which was defined as the target cabin (Ⅰgroup), and the neighboring one was defined as the adjacent cabin (Ⅱgroup). Parameters of shock waves were measured using pressure transducers. The survival status of dogs, basic vital signs, neurological function scores and the gross and morphological changes of the brains were observed after the explosion. Results There were two reflected shock waves after the explosion in the cabins, and the peak pressure of the shock wave in the adjacent cabin was about 0.39 times of that of the target cabin. Seven Beagle dogs died instantly after the explosion, and four died within 24 h. The mortality rate of the dogs was 45.83% (11/24), with that in the target cabin being 66.67% (8/12) and that in the adjacent cabin being 25.0% (3/12). The basic vital signs and neurological function of the survival dogs underwent great changes immediately after the explosion, which basically recovered after 24 h. The brain tissues of the dogs that immediately died after explosion had obvious contusions, and cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral edema were found in the dogs died within 24 h after explosion. Abnormal morphological structures and neuronal structures were also found in the brain tissues of survival Beagle dogs under light microscope, with some neurons showing nuclei condensation and deep staining, nuclear dissolution or disappearance of nucleus, and the cell borders being blurred. Conclusion In multiple cabin explosion, the peak pressure of the shock wave in the target cabin is significantly higher than that in the adjacent cabin. There are two reflected shock waves in the cabins, which increases the damage to the dogs. The mortality rate of the Beagle dogs in the target cabin is higher than that in the adjacent cabin; and the acute injuries of Beagle dogs immediately after the explosion are the most serious ones, with obvious pathological changes of the brain tissues.