Vector-borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted through vectors. Vector-borne diseases can lead to the non-combat depletion of strength and even lead to cancellation or failure of the military operations. In this article, we introduced a "Leishmaniasis Control Program" (LCP) at Tallil Air Base (TAB), Iraq established by the U.S. armed forces, which summed up and expounded vector-borne diseases prevention and control strategies of U.S. armed forces. Furthermore, our army should learn from successful experience of foreign armies, and make protective projects and measures against vector-borne diseases according to our local conditions, so as to improve the fighting capacity.