In January 2017, China issued Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases in China (2017-2025) (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). Based on the reality and trends of China's chronic diseases, the Guidelines clarifies the goals and priorities for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the next 8 years and plan the works for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the next 5-10 years to reduce the burden caused by diseases, improve the health expectancy of residents and ensure people's health from start to end. The Guidelines focuses on strengthening the education and prevention of chronic diseases to reduce the burden caused by medical care; the difficulty lies in the establishment of hierarchical medical system and optimization of medical resource distribution.