Stem cell has been one of the focuses in current biomedical research. It has been well documented that there are various liver stem cells (LSCs) with different markers in liver, and they play important roles in liver regeneration. Moreover, some progresses have been made in autologous and allogeneic stem cells transplantation for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. However, the origin and markers of LSCs have not been fully clarified, and the mechanism involved in LSCs proliferation and differentiation remains to be deeply studied. With the improvements of lineage tracing technique and stem cell isolation and culture system, it is believed that the origin of LSCs and their role in liver regeneration will be further clarified, and LSCs treatment for liver diseases will soon become a reality.