Acute leukemia is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in patients younger than 35 years old. Three-year overall survival of middle-risk patients receiving conventional chemotherapy is only 30%-50%, although the stratified chemotherapy based on cell and molecular genetics has improved the overall survival in recent years. To further optimize the treatment, we used flow cytometry in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect the competing of leukemia stem cells with hemopoietic stem cell, which could diagnose the relapse of patients 2-3 months ahead of time, thus allowing early intervention and improving the survival rate. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we have designed a novel conditioning regimen, which balanced the graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effect and reduced transplant-related mortality. This is a new focus on acute leukemia treatment and a further extension of precision therapy in leukemia.