Warships undergo accelerated motion when attacked by underwater explosion in the naval battles, resulting in severe damage of the warship personnel, which is termed as ship shock injury. The ship shock injury is the main factor that causes the loss of fighting capacity of personnel on warships. A great number of studies on ship shock injury have been made at home and abroad. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the history, research methods, injury mechanisms and characteristics, and protection and treatment measures of ship shock injury, pointing out the shortcomings of current research and proposing research direction in future. We hoped this paper can help to deepen the understanding of naval surgeons on ship shock injury and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ship shock injury.