Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) distribute widely in many organisms. As an important part of the non-specific immune functions of organisms, AMPs can not only protect the body from bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and other pathogens, but also have the functions of mediating catalysis, apoptosis, immune regulatory activity, accelerating wound healing and osteogenetic effects. AMPs have become a research focus for antimicrobial coating on titanium implant surface and have shown a promising prospect. In this paper, we reviewed the antimicrobial mechanism, loading method, and application status of AMPs applied on titanium implant surface.