Heart failure is a complicated pathophysiological syndrome. Balancing autonomic nervous activity and inhibiting myocardial remodeling are important methods for improving long-term efficacy in patients with heart failure. Pharmacologic management has been greatly developed, for example, the use of β-blockers is intended to inhibit the toxic effect of sympathetic activation on the heart and has become a classic treatment for heart failure. However, the incidence of heart failure is still on the rise and survivability is persistently reduced. In recent years, surgical treatments for inhibiting excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system have emerged, such as vagus nerve stimulation, baroreceptor activation therapy. Some methods have obtained significant benefits in animal experiments and preliminary clinical study. It is essential to further verify the role of the above treatments in patients with heart failure in clinical trials.