Vascular injury is common in war and is mainly caused by explosion and other causes. It is the key cause for the increase of war casualties. The incidence of vascular injury is the highest in extremities, followed by neck, pelvis, chest and abdomen, and arterial injury is more than venous injury. The animal model of vascular injury is an animal model used in military medical research. It can simulate vascular trauma on the battlefield, and is essential to reduce the battlefield casualties caused by vascular injury. At present, there are two kinds of animal models of vascular injury used in clinical research, including traumatic vascular disease model and traumatic bleeding model. Rabbits, murine and pigs are the common experimental animals for the animal models of vascular injury. In this review, we sum up the recent research advances, future development and difficulties of animal models of vascular injury.