Objective To investigate the sleep quality and life quality of navy officers and soldiers stationed on an island, and to explore the correlation between sleep quality and life quality, and their influencing factors. Methods Random sampling method was used to select navy officers and soldiers stationed on an island. A questionnaire survey was performed by using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） and the World Health Organization quality of life-brief version （WHOQOLBREF）. Results A total of 150 questionnaires were finally collected, of which 146 （97.3%） were valid. 28.1% （41/146） of the navy officers and soldiers stationed on the island had poor sleep quality. Most had troubles in sleep time （70.6%[103/146]）, daytime dysfunction （52.1%[76/146]） and sleep latency （46.6%[68/146]）. Most scores of sleep quality factors and total PSQI score of these navy officers and soldiers were negatively correlated with the scores of four aspects of quality of life （P<0.05, P<0.01）. The good sleep quality leads to good quality of life. Age, stationing time and physical illness had an impact on the sleep quality of the navy officers and soldiers stationed on the island. Compared with the personnel stationed on the island for 1-2 months and 5-16 months, those stationed for 3-4 months scored higher sleep time factor （both P<0.05）, and their sleep quality was worse. The sleep quality of older interviewees was poor, and both sleep quality and quality of life of sick interviewees were poor （all P<0.01）. Conclusion Sleep quality and quality of life of navy officers and soldiers stationed on islands need to be improved urgently. Improving sleep quality is an effective way to improve quality of life. Age, length of stay on islands and health status have an impact on the sleep quality and quality of life of navy officers and soldiers stationed on islands. We should pay more attention to the navy officers and soldiers who are aged, have been stationed on islands for 3-4 months and are physically ill. We should improve medical services on islands and carry out professional psychological support and intervention, such as relaxation training and sleep guidance, so as to improve the sleep quality and quality of life of navy officers and soldiers stationed on islands and maintain their physical and mental health.