Objective To investigate the relationship between tea and coffee use and sleep status among navy officers and soldiers. Methods With cluster sampling, 1 149 navy officers and soldiers were investigated using self-compiled demographic questionnaire, substance use items and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale. The association between tea and coffee use and sleep was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The effects of general demographic information and tea and coffee use on sleep were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results Among the 1 149 navy officers and soldiers, 38.8% (446 cases) seldom drank tea, 49.9% (573 cases) drank tea sometimes, and 11.3% (130 cases) drank tea almost every day; 60.8% (699 cases) seldom or never drank coffee, 36.0% (414 cases) drank coffee sometimes, and 3.1% (36 cases) drank coffee almost every day. Tea use was positively correlated with sleep time, sleep disorders and daytime dysfunction (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and negatively correlated with hypnotic drugs (P<0.01). Coffee use was positively correlated with sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep disorders, daytime dysfunction and total PSQI scale score (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After controlling the general demographic factors (gender, age, education level, marital status and personnel category), it was found that more frequent use of coffee was associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion Long-term use coffee has an adverse effect on the sleep of naval officers and soldiers.