Biosafety is one of the cornerstones for national security. This review summarizes the major administrative laws and criminal laws related to the prevention and control of biosafety threats, such as infectious diseases, invasion of alien species, laboratory biosafety, bioterrorism, misuse of biotechnology, loss of special biological resource, and biosafety emergencies. The authors also analyzed the existing problems and shortcomings in the current the legislation of biosafety. Based on the above analysis, we proposed suggestions to improve the legislation of biosafety, which include enhancing the propaganda for popular science and relevant laws, reinforcing the implementation of the existing laws and regulations, promoting the connection between administrative laws and criminal laws, as well as building up a comprehensive biosafety law and regulation system.