With the development of China's marine defense and the increased depth of the underwater exploration, the diving-related decompression sicknesses are increasing, and they can be divided into type Ⅰ (mild) and type Ⅱ (severe) decompression sicknesses. Type Ⅱ decompression sickness can damage the function of multiple organs, leading to more serious condition. The lung injuries induced by type Ⅱ decompression sickness may eventually progress to respiratory failure, which is not only an important cause of death, but also the key of the treatment. Based on the pathophysiological process of lung injuries induced by type Ⅱ decompression sickness, this paper summarizes the current clinical treatments and research progress at home and abroad.