Objective To investigate whether the presence of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) increases the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Methods The clinical data of 249 patients who received continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as renal replacement therapy in Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. According to the type of primary disease, the patients were divided into PKD and non-PKD groups; they were divided into ≤ 62 and >62 years old groups. Dialysis time was calculated from the beginning to the end of CAPD. Poisson regression was performed to calculate the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (episode/patient-year). The 95% confidence interval (CI) was obtained and hypothesis test was carried out after adjusting the age, gender and other covariates. Poisson regression analysis was performed for each group to calculate the attack time interval (months) and 95% CI. Results A total of 249 patients were enrolled in this study, including 14 PKD patients (5.62%) and 235 non-PKD patients (94.38%), 132 males (53.01%) and 117 females (46.99%), aged (62.31±14.82) years. The age of non-PKD and PKD patients were (62.33±15.07) and (62.57±10.01) years, respectively. The median duration of CAPD was 42.50 (1.00-137.70) and 55.35 (9.60-131.50) months, respectively. The overall incidence of peritonitis was similar in non-PKD and PKD patients (0.44 and 0.35 episode/patient-year, respectively), and the incidence of gram-negative bacterial peritonitis was same (both 0.09 episode/patient-year). Poisson regression analysis showed that gender, age or PKD had no significant effects on the incidence of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. The time intervals for each episode of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in non-PKD and PKD patients were 27.39 (95% CI 23.90-31.91) and 33.86 (95% CI 19.83-116.50) months, respectively. The time intervals for each episode of gram-negative bacterial peritonitis in non-PKD and PKD patients were 134.83 (95% CI 96.00-226.41) and 141.17 (95% CI 81.63-521.74) months, respectively. Conclusion PKD does not increase the risk of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.