The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise in China, and the disease-related complications are also increasing. Medical nutrition treatment (MNT) plays an important role in the management of GDM. The primary objective of MNT is to maintain euglycemia, control gestational weight gain and ensure fetus growth while reducing the risks of complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The principles and methods of MNT have been gradually improved, but there are still controversies in the aspects of nutrient intake, carbohydrate intake ratio, micronutrient supplement and weight control. This article reviews the clinical application of MNT for GDM.