Objective To explore the molecular targets and mechanism of Jingyin mixture for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods The potential active components in the plasma and targets of Jingyin mixture were retrieved using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). COVID-19-related gene targets were retrieved from GeneCard database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between Jingyin mixture component-targets and COVID-19 targets was constructed by STRING 10.5. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted by R 3.6 software. AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 were used for molecular docking. Results A total of 120 active components were identified according to the pharmacokinetic parameters (oral bioavailability and drug likeness), and 232 targets related to these constituents were obtained. Altogether 350 target genes directly related to COVID-19 were obtained from GeneCard database, and 47 genes were obtained from the intersection of component-target and disease-target. These genes were mainly involved in the responses to intracellular lipopolysaccharide, oxidative stress, mechanical stimulation, and other biological processes. Molecular functions were mainly related to cytokine receptor binding, cytokine activity, receptor ligand activity, etc, with their mechanisms related to hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, apoptosis, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that quercetin and luteolin in Jingyin mixture had certain affinity with 6LU7 and 6M3M protein. Conclusion The active components of Jingyin mixture may have potential intervention effect on the inflammation and lung injury caused by COVID-19 through antiviral, anti-inflammatory effects and regulation of cell cycle. The results of this study provide theoretical and scientific evidence for the intervention of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine.