Epidemic infectious diseases have become a major threat to public health safety. This paper reviews the previous researches and analyzes the psychological impact of infectious disease outbreak on medical staff, patients and the public, exploring the risk and protective factors of adverse psychological reactions, so as to provide references for future research and counseling after coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. It is suggested that multi-center and large-scale follow-up investigation is needed, and more attention needs to be paid on influences of stigma and public opinion on internet and the change of positive psychological quality after the epidemic outbreak. Moreover, the research results of risk and protective factors should be fully used in psychological intervention.