Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic threatening public health. Its pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted from person to person through droplets, contact and other ways. How to avoid further spread of the virus when patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 receive treatment in the operating rooms or intensive care units has become the focus and difficulty faced by medical staff. Here we discussed the dissemination characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the perioperative environments, the disease management and infection control measures under specific operation.