Degenerative scoliosis and osteoporosis mainly occurr in the elderly, and both can lead to serious spinal lesions. Early studies have found that osteoporosis may participate in the pathogenesis of degenerative scoliosis involving vertebral body asymmetric degeneration and decreased trunk muscle strength; however, a few studies have shown that there is no obvious relationship between them. This article reviews how osteoporosis participates in the pathogenesis of degenerative scoliosis, aiming to further clarify whether osteoporosis has an impact on the spine of patients, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of degenerative scoliosis.