Objective To analyze the incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of female patients with primary breast cancer admitted to 6 hospitals in Chongqing from 2010 to 2019. Methods The clinical and pathological data of female primary breast cancer patients who were newly diagnosed and hospitalized from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2019 were collected from 6 hospitals (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Municipal Southeast Hospital, and the People’s Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing City), and a database of clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients was established. The clinical characteristics and trends of the female breast cancer inpatients in Chongqing in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively, including the number of cases, age of diagnosis, pathological type, clinical stage, molecular subtype and surgery type. Results A total of 1 921 female breast cancer inpatients were enrolled. The number of diagnosed cases increased year by year in recent 10 years. The median age was 54 years old, with the peak in 45-54 years old (784 cases, 40.81%). There were 1 276 (66.42%) postmenopausal patients. The major pathological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (1 387 cases, 72.20%). The clinical stages at the time of diagnosis were mainly at 0-Ⅱ stages (1 448 patients, 75.38%). The positive cases of estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) were 1 304 (67.88%) and 699 (36.39%), respectively. Molecular subtype of Luminal B accounted for 49.40% (949 cases) followed by Luminal A (17.39%, 334 cases), triple-negative breast cancer (16.40%, 315 cases) and HER-2 overexpression (15.20%, 292 cases). Modified radical mastectomy was the main surgery type (1 388 patients, 72.25%), while the rate of breast conserving surgery was increased gradually and the rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy was decreased gradually since 2012. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HER-2 positive, triple-negative breast cancer and Ki-67 index>14% were risk factors for clinical stage of female breast cancer inpatients (all P<0.05). The trend of the diagnosed age was decreased gradually and the proportion of HER-2 positive was increased gradually in the past 10 years (both P<0.01), while the clinical stage had no significant change (P>0.05). Conclusion The number of female breast cancer patients shows an increasing trend in Chongqing from 2010 to 2019. The peak onset age is 45-49 years old, and the diagnosed age shows a downward trend. The patients with early stage breast cancer account for a large proportion and have no significant change with year. HER-2 positive, triple-negative subtype and Ki-67 index>14% are the risk factors of clinical stage of breast cancer.