The complex and changeable circumstance of the battlefield and a large number of traumatic events may cause varying psychological injuries to officers and soldiers involving in the war. The reduction of combat personnel and the decline of combat effectiveness caused by psychological injury are important factors affecting the combating capability of troops. How to maintain emotional states, psychological health and the stability of the cognitive function, enhance psychological capacity of officers and soldiers in coping with battle, improve the adaptability to the battlefield environment, bravely confront the challenge and complete the task, and promote the overall combat effectiveness of troops, have become one of the important issues of military psychology research in recent years. This paper summarizes the types of psychological injury in war and the recent progress of psychological capacity in coping with battle at home and abroad.