Traumatic cerebrovascular injury (TCVI) is one of complications of traumatic brain injury and neck trauma. Although TCVI has a low incidence, it has high mortality and disability if not treated. Up to now, researches have identified a few risk factors of TCVI, including basilar fracture and cervical spine injury. A preliminary pathological grade of TCVI has been established based on the pathological features. Digital subtraction angiography is generally accepted as the golden standard in diagnosing and screening of TCVI, while the efficiency of computed tomography angiography, which is widely concerned, is still ambiguous. As for the treatment, drug therapy, surgery and endovascular treatment have been confirmed to be effective for specific types of TCVI. This paper reviews the clinical research status and prospects for the future.