Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is the leading cause of death in combat casualties.Although no neurosurgeon was deployed in early medical treatment facilities (MTF) during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom,early intervention with active and effective treatment strategies resulted in improved the outcomes in soldiers suffering sTBI,even better than civilians in the same period.In this article,the author reviewed the significance,task lists and problems of US military early MTF,so as to provide reference for our military medical service in sTBI.