Objective To explore the sleep quality and its influencing factors of naval officers and soldiers in different job positions during voyage.Methods The officers and soldiers were selected from a naval fleet by random cluster sampling method,and 501 valid questionnaires of officers and soldiers during voyage and 460 valid questionnaires of officers and soldiers before voyage were obtained.The 501 officers and soldiers during voyage were divided into logistics group,shipping group,nautical group,electromechanical group,communication group,and weapon group according to the staffing and work nature.The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale,Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-compiled sleep disorder cause questionnaire were used to investigate the sleep quality of officers and soldiers and identify the influencing factors of sleep quality.The point biserial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the sleep influencing factors and sleep quality of officers and soldiers in different job positions.Results The total PSQI score of the officers and soldiers during voyage was 9.22±4.13,which was higher than that of the officers and soldiers before voyage (6.75±3.54;t=2.37,P<0.01).The main factors influencing the sleep quality of officers and soldiers during voyage were anxiety (75.25%,377/501),noise (62.67%,314/501),and physical pain (59.08%,296/501).There were differences in the sleep quality of officers and soldiers in different job positions,and the main influencing factors were also different.The sleep quality of officers and soldiers of the logistics group and the nautical group was mainly affected by anxiety,the sleep quality of officers and soldiers of the electromechanical group and the communication group was mainly affected by the shift system,the sleep quality of officers and soldiers of the weapon group was mainly affected by physical pain,and the officers and soldiers of the shipping group were mainly affected by noise.Noise was mainly correlated with the subjective sleep quality,sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction of officers and soldiers of the shipping group;the shift system was mainly correlated with the subjective sleep quality,sleep time,sleep disorder and daytime sleep disorder of officers and soldiers of the electromechanical group and the communication group;body pain was mainly correlated with the subjective sleep quality,sleep time,sleep disorder and daytime dysfunction of officers and soldiers of the weapon group;and anxiety was mainly correlated with the sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction of officers and soldiers of the logistics group and nautical group (all P<0.05).Conclusion The sleep quality of naval officers and soldiers is worse during voyage than when they are in port,and there are close relationships between the behavior during voyage,job positions on warship and sleep quality.