The damage caused by combat is complex and extensive, and the deep organs and tissue are usually implicated. Some of these wounded patients have hemorrhagic shock and are in critical condition. The damage control surgery is necessary, while the anesthesia management is challenging. This article introduces the anesthesia methods and anesthetics for damage control surgery of combat wounds, focuses on airway management (including airway evaluation, difficult airway management, as well as measures for suspected cervical spine injury and inhalation injury), and discusses the difficulties such as permissive hypotension, transfusion and lethal triad, which provides a reference for guiding the implementation of anesthesia and improving the treatment for damage control surgery in combat field.