Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic myomectomy, traditional multi-port laparoscopic myomectomy, and laparotomy myomectomy, and to investigate the effect of transumbilical single-port laparoscopy on myomectomy. Methods The clinical data of 97 patients who underwent myomectomy in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from Jun. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 cases in the single-port group (who underwent transumbilical single-port laparoscopic myomectomy), 42 cases in the multi-port group (who underwent traditional multi-port laparoscopic myomectomy), and 31 cases in the laparotomy group (who underwent laparotomy myomectomy). Surgical indicators (including operation time and intraoperative blood loss), postoperative recovery indicators (including the first postoperative exhausting time, first postoperative time out of bed, and postoperative hospital stays), and hospitalization costs were compared and analyzed. According to the preoperative imaging examination, the patients with uterine fibroids were further stratified, and the clinical efficacies of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic, multi-port laparoscopic, or laparotomy myomectomy in patients with single and multiple, subserosal and intramural uterine fibroids were compared and analyzed. The clinical efficacies of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery for single and multiple, subserosal and intermural myomectomy were also compared and analyzed. Results Compared with the multi-port group and laparotomy group, the first postoperative time out of bed in the single-port group was significantly shorter (both P＜0.01). Compared with the laparotomy group, the first postoperative exhausting time and postoperative hospital stays of the single-port group were significantly shorter, while the operation time was significantly longer and the hospitalization costs was significantly higher (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). There were no significant differences in the operation time, first postoperative exhausting time, postoperative hospital stays, or hospitalization costs between the single-port group and multi-port group (all P＞0.05). The single-port group had more intraoperative blood loss than the multi-port group at the early stage (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the intraoperative blood loss between the 2 groups at the later stage (P＞0.05). Among the patients with 4 different types of uterine fibroids, the comparative analysis of the 3 surgical procedures was generally consistent with the above. In the transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery, the operation time of the single uterine fibroid group was significantly shorter than that of the multiple uterine fibroid group (P＜0.05), the first postoperative time out of bed in the subserosal uterine fibroid group was significantly shorter than that of the intermural uterine fibroid group (P＜0.01). Conclusion The clinical efficacy of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic myomectomy is equivalent to those of conventional multi-port laparoscopy and laparotomy, but the postoperative recovery is faster. Patients with single and subserosal uterine fibroids are more suitable for transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery.