Objective To summarize the surgical treatment experience of malignant penile tumors and analyze the postoperative complications and prognosis. Methods A total of 50 penile cancer patients treated in our hospital from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2020 were retrospectively selected. The following indicators were analyzed: age, disease course, radiological examinations, surgical approaches, pathological findings, prognosis, postoperative follow-up time and outcomes, complications and their management, as well as survival status during the follow-up. Results Among the 50 patients, 46 patients underwent partial penectomy for penile cancer. Total penectomy with perineal urethrostomy were performed in 4 cases. Nineteen patients underwent lymph node dissection at the same time: 6 patients underwent bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, 7 patients underwent bilateral standard inguinal lymphadenectomy, and 6 patients underwent bilateral ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy. Postoperative pathology showed 43 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (including 19 cases with high differentiation, 23 cases with medium differentiation, and 1 case with low differentiation), 4 cases of verrucous carcinoma, 2 cases of warty carcinoma, and 1 case of squamous epithelial papilloma. The patients were regularly followed up for 3-70 months, with a median of 36.50 (25.25, 52.50) months. Ten patients experienced postoperative complications (incuding 3 cases of urethral stenosis, 1 cases of penile incision infection, 2 cases of groin incision necrosis with infection, and 4 cases of lymphedema). During the follow-up period, 5 patients died, while the rest survived well. Conclusion For patients with penile cancer, reasonable choice of surgical procedures for the resection of tumor and reasonable choice of inguinal lymph node dissection time and method according to the indications can significantly improve the survival rate and reduce complications.