Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of kidney stones and crystals in warship officers and soldiers. Methods The original data of the physical examination report of officers and soldiers of a warship force in 2021 were collected, including general information, physical examination results, ultrasound, blood and urine test results, etc. In the meantime, the training environment and living habits were investigated. Then, the prevalence and risk factors of kidney stones and crystals of officers and soldiers were analyzed. Results Among the 1 315 officers and soldiers, the total prevalence of kidney stones and crystals was 6.92% (91/1 315). The prevalence of kidney stones and crystals increased with age, length of military service and length of on board (all P<0.01). Among the patients with kidney stones/crystals, 32.97% (30/91) were overweight, which was significantly higher than those without kidney stones/crystals (17.04%[204/1 197], P<0.01). The proportion of water intake more than 2 000 mL/d and the proportion of drinking milk in the kidney stone/crystal group were lower than those in the non-kidney stone/crystal group (20.45%[18/88] vs 30.24%[362/1 197], 82.95%[73/88] vs 90.64%[1 085/1 197], both P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the training environment, water source, beverages intake, serum uric acid level or urine osmotic pressure between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age and overweight were the independent risk factors for kidney stones/crystals in warship officers and soldiers, while water and milk intake were the protective factors (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of kidney stones and crystals in warship officers and soldiers is relatively high, which is related to older age, overweight and less water and milk intake.